Cellular communication encompasses a vast range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways and cellular responses. Cell signalling is known as the FLOW process.

It is believed that miRNA (microRNA) molecules control about 60% of all protein-coding genes in humans. These miRNAs play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of many human diseases including cancers. Their role is important in development or suppression of disease and/or drug resistance. The vehicles in which miRNAs are transported throughout the body are known as Exosomes, that also protect miRNAs from degradation, enabling them to be more stable than free miRNAs and to be efficiently integrated by specific recipient cells. Within the cargo that exosomes carry, miRNAs can provide information about the identity of the cell type from which they are derived, the target and the cellular state, including therapy resistance. Mature miRNA binds to its target mRNA with base pairing, acting as negative regulators of mRNA translation (either mRNA degradation or inhibition of protein expression from mRNA).

Finally, by activating receptors, extrinsic signals trigger events that relay information within cells and ultimately cause cells to change their behavior. In most cases, a particular kind of receptor will be activated by one type of extrinsic stimulus. Through this process, cell proliferation and cell survival is therefore excelled with FLOW PA.